The angels did not know the comprehensive wisdom behind Allah's creation of humanity, specifically the ultimate benefits that would arise despite the potential for corruption.

According to Tafsir Ibn Kathir, when the angels questioned Allah's intention to place a "Khalifah" (successor/generation) on Earth, asking, "Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood?" (2:30), their inquiry stemmed from their understanding of human nature or the general concept of a Khalifah, which often involves judging disputes. However, this was a question for learning, not dispute or envy (Source 2, 3).

Allah's response, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know" (2:30), signifies that the angels were unaware of the greater good. This included the prophets, messengers, truthful, martyrs, and righteous believers who would emerge from humanity (Source 4). The angels did not comprehend that the benefits of creating this type of creature outweighed the harm they foresaw (Source 3, 5). This is further clarified in Surah 20:7, where Allah states, "He knows the secret and that which is yet more hidden" (Source 9).

📚 Sources: Classical tafsir (multi-source)